اموزش اصول عصاره گیری و معرفی حلال ها+ویدیو آموزشی

Herbal extracts

Definition of extract:

Compilation and arrangement.. Engineer Javidi

 If the substances in plant cells are mixed with solvents including water or organic solvents

Plants are extracted, this product is called extract.

Definition of total extract:

 If the extract is extracted with ethanol or methanol according to their polarities, the obtained extract contains all the substances present in the plant and it is called total extract.

Definition of liquid extract:

 If the solvent is not separated from the extract, the extract will be liquid, and if the solvent evaporates, the dry extract will be obtained.

Extracts are one of the medicinal forms that are consumed orally and in three solid forms,

There are semi-solid and liquid. Extracts that are prepared with the help of a suitable solvent during maceration, percolation or other suitable operations, are either used alone as medicine or are part of a medicine. In general, the preparation of the extract is based on the extraction of effective and active substances by means of a suitable solvent.

Solvents:

Solvents usually consist of ethyl alcohol with different alcohol degrees, water and ether and a mixture of them, ethylene in

Chloride and dichloroethyl ether are isopropyl ether. The superiority of these compounds to other solvents

which do not cause chemical change and decomposition of metal containers and are also resistant to oxidation and hydrolysis.

The extracts used in cosmetic products must have special characteristics that are slightly different from the extracts used in pharmaceuticals. Propylene glycol or butylene glycol is widely used in cosmetic products. Although there is a clear relationship between the amount of plant used and the concentration of active ingredients in the final extract, the extraction conditions play an important role in the quality of the final extract.

The parts of the plant used for extraction:

The used parts of the plant (leaf, root, skin, fruit, seed, etc.) often have completely different components and effective substances. So that some parts may be poisonous, but other parts are harmless. In herbal therapy, the whole plant or only a certain part of it may be used as medicine and for treatment.

Leaves:

 Leaves may be used alone or together with leaflets and petioles.

Stems and even small branches are also used. For example, in the ginkgo plant, only the leaves have medicinal uses.

Root:

 woody or soft roots are used as medicine in many plant species. The roots may be fibrous (like nettle root), hard (like licorice root).

) or soft (like the root of the devil’s claw).

Bark:

Bark is the protective outer layer of the tree trunk, which is produced by the layer of living cells on the wood surface. Usually, the skin has a high concentration of effective substances, and some plants have medicinal uses, such as oak, willow, walnut, etc.

Aerial parts:

 In this case, all the aerial parts of the plant are used.

  Harvesting is done when the plants are in the flowering season. such as tea grass-absinthe-mint and…

Flowers:

 Flowers are used in traditional medicine. From this group, we can mention red flower, borage flower, marigold flower and chamomile flower. Sometimes certain parts of a flower are used, such as stamens in saffron

Fruit:

 sometimes small dry fruits that have medicinal use are confused with seeds.

Sometimes the whole dried fruit is used, such as milk thistle, and sometimes certain parts of the fruit are used, such as pomegranate skin, peeled amla, black nightshade, and jujube.

Seeds:

The seeds are found in plant fruits and are sometimes used as medicine, such as castor seeds, fenugreek seeds, ads al-mulak-siahedane, coriander, etc.

Types of extract products:

– Plant water: using the pressure process, the water in the fresh plant is collected.

– Essential oil:

 terpene compounds found in the plant by steam distillation, extraction and collection

)perspiration and perfume industry(

– Extract:

 with the help of various non-polar solvents (oil, dichloromethane, etc.) or polar solvent (water)

Or interstellar polar solvent (water and alcohol) which is collected using different methods of extracting the active ingredients in the medicinal plant.

– Dry extract:

 after preparing the liquid extract, dry and powder extract is prepared during the solvent evaporation and recycling process.

– Oil:

The oil in the seeds of medicinal plants is extracted and collected under pressure at a low temperature.

Extraction steps:

1). Optimizing plant size and plant preparation

2). Extraction

3).Filtration

4). Solvent concentration and recycling

5). drying the extract

Extraction methods:

Soaking Maceration

Industrial method: In this method, the plant is placed in a tank with solvent for at least 3 days. Mixing is done regularly during this period. Then the mixture of plant and extract is filtered and the obtained juice is filtered again for use.

traditional way:

– 1). cold water: some chopped herbs + 1.4 liters of cold water in a container

cover and leave for about 3 to 12 hours (it varies according to the type of flower and plant). (cinnamon-blue flower syrup (cheese(

2).Alcoholic: This method is mostly used for root and fruit extraction. The amount of crushed plant is completely placed in 60% or 90% ethyl alcohol for several days (2-3 days).

Then the plant materials are removed and the resulting liquid is consumed after the alcohol evaporates. (peach extract)

3).Leak: crush the juicy plant completely and place it in a cotton cloth and the juice will come out with the pressure.

Brewing Infusion

The plant is soaked by cold or boiling water for a short time. With this method, a dilute solution of the water-soluble components of the plant is obtained.

1-Mild: The amount of chopped plant (one tablespoon) + 1.4 liters of mild boiling water and some brew should be taken.

2-Normal: some chopped herbs (one tablespoon) + 1/4 liter of cold water, put a few drops and drink it next to the stove.

3-Strong: like the normal method, but the duration of brewing is 10 minutes next to the stove

Digestion:

It is a type of maceration in which, during the extraction process, gentle heat

is used This method is used when the relatively high temperature does not cause a problem and does not affect the quality of the active ingredients.

Boil the decoction

Boiling In this process, the plant is boiled in a specific volume of water for a certain period of time. Then it is cooled and smoothed. This method is suitable for extracting effective substances that are soluble in water and heat stable. The ratio of plant to water is constant 1:4 or 1:16. The act of extracting and boiling

Water continues until the volume of the solvent reaches one quarter of the initial volume. Then the concentrated extract is filtered.

Percolation Percolation

Percolation is a method that is often used to extract effective substances to prepare tincture or liquid extract. Percolators (a conical container that is open at both ends) are generally used. The plant is soaked with an effective amount of solvent and kept in closed containers for 4 hours.

stays Then the plant is placed in packages and entered into the percolator and the exits are closed. Additional solvent is also added to form a layer on the plant. After 24 hours of soaking the plant, the outlet of the percolator is opened so that the extract slowly comes out. If needed, excess solvent is added (about three-fourths of the volume of the required final product). The slags are pressed in the ends and the obtained solution is also added to the percolator. The extract is filtered during the filtration stage.

with the best wishes………..Javidi………..