Oils

Oils:

Compilation and arrangement of Engineer Javidi

Oil:

Description:

Among the primary metabolites (compounds resulting from the metabolism of living cells) are plants – they are abundant in all parts, especially in the seeds of some plants. It has a chemical structure with a long chain of more than 24 carbons, which is a combination of They are fatty acid and hydrocarbon chains, which have a hydroxyl group on one side and a methyl group on the other side.

Fatty acids are classified based on the number of double bonds and which carbon chain is closest to the double bond.

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1).Saturated fatty acids:

There is no double bond and all the atoms are saturated by the carbon atom. In this state, they are mostly found in solid form in nature.

List of saturated fatty acids and review of some of them:

Propanoic acid (propionic acid): colorless liquid, produced in ruminants during digestion, has a pungent and pungent odor, and produces irritating vapors.

Butyric acid (BTA): found in butter, animal oil, raw milk, animal fats and vegetable oils.

Valeric acid: has a sour and grassy smell – found in tobacco leaf oil, baked potatoes, Parmesan, provolone andromano cheese, goat and sheep cheese, sheep fat, rum, cocoa, black tea and champak (Arthocarpus polyphema), valerian, etc. ….

Caproic acid: found in coconut oil, milk, cheese, butter, olive oil, almond oil.

Enanthic acid: It was found in two isomers, the S isomer, which is sweeter than the other isomer, is found in milk-cheese-fennel-fish-cocktail.

Caprylic acid: colorless with an unpleasant smell – found in coconut and olive oil, dairy products, milk and butter, etc. – as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral

Pelagonic acid (nonanoic acid): colorless oily liquid, very bright yellow and weak smell – anti-inflammatory, strong antifungal – found in pelargonium oil, animal fat and some plants…

Capric acid:

Andesylic acid: strong antifungal – more in castor oil

Lauric acid: found in human milk-coconut milk and palm oil

Tridecylic acid: as a surfactant, degreaser, emulsifier, in detergent production industries – present in coconut oil and Viton and…

Myristic acid: found in oil (soy-palm-peanut-milk-meat-walnut-coconut) – is used as a food additive and in the production of detergents.

Pentadecylic acid: as a surfactant and emulsifier in sunflower oil

Palmitic acid: mostly in palm oil – used to improve the taste and consistency of food products

Margaric acid: inside dairy products – as an additive in margarine, vegetable paste, sweets, cappuccino, etc., to improve the quality of the product.

Stearic acid: found in cocoa and coconut oil and dairy products – as a food additive

Nonadecylic acid: present in coconut and palm oil – additive in pharmaceutical and health industries

Arachidic acid: important in the body’s prostaglandin production – anti-inflammatory – the origin of leucine – improving body growth and development – found in cocoa and coconut oil, meat and dairy products.

Honeycocyclic acid: available in dairy products, meat, coconut and palm oil – additive in the health industry, printing industry, plastic industry, and drug production…

Lauric acid: present in saw palmetto and…- inhibition of alpha-reductase enzyme (anti-prostatitis-baldness)

Among other saturated fatty acids that mostly have the same properties..

Behinic acid-trichosylic acid-lignoseric acid-pentagosylic acid-cerotic acid-carboceric acid-montanic acid-nonacoxylic acid-melisic acid-hentriacotyl acid-lacroic acid-sylic acid-gadic acid-ceroplastic acid-hexatriaconeic acid-heptatriacontylic acid- Octatriacontylic acid-nonatriacontylic acid-tetracontylic acid and…

2).Monounsaturated fatty acids:

There is only one double bond in their structure.

Such as: oleic acid (omega-9)

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3). Unsaturated fatty acids with two or more double bonds:

Such as: linoleic acid (omega 6) – linolenic acid (omega 3)

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Attention:

– The more double bonds an oily substance has, the more liquid it is. (Saturated fatty acids without double bonds are mostly solid).

The more we go to colder areas, the accumulation of unsaturated oils and the more we go to tropical areas, the more saturated oils accumulate.

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Essential fatty acids (EFA)

Definition :

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are called, which include:

-Linolenic acid (Omega 3)

– Linoleic acid (Omega 6)

-Oleic acid (Omega 9): of course, a large part of Omega 9 is made in the body, and therefore this type of fatty acid is not an essential part of the classification {{but I add it here because of the importance of this fatty acid}}

– Fatty acid is very sensitive to light, heat, and oxygen, and as a result, these materials should be stored in containers

Keep it closed in the refrigerator and away from light.

Function of EFA essential fatty acids:

– Detoxification – helping to repair cell membranes

Omega 3-6 fatty acids are one of the components of fats that the body cannot produce its essential types and must be supplied through food.

The important and main function of EFA essential fatty acids:

– Prostoglandin production and production (one of the most important inflammatory mediators) – regulation of heart rate, blood pressure and blood clotting

– Fertilization and fertility – regulation of immune system function – regulation of kidney and liver function – tissue growth and repair – allergic and inflammatory responses (inflammation control and anti-infection) – help in the synthesis of sex hormones.

Review of linolenic acid (omega 3):

Linolenic acid (Omega-3), in the form (18:3): with 18 carbons and 3 double bonds – including a main group (alpha-linolenic acid) ALA and fatty acids of the sub-group DHA (decosa heptanoic acid) and (ecosa pentanoic acid) EPA

Function of omega 3 fatty acid:

– Participating in the building of body cells – Strengthening and oxygenating the cells – Increasing the flexibility of cells – Better increasing the function of red blood cells – Helping to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides and blood pressure – Anti-inflammatory – Anti-asthma – Healing wounds and burns – Helping to increase growth hormone – Muscle building-softening

Skin-prevention of premature aging-development of the nervous system and brain-antimenstrual pain-increasing memory and understanding of content-anti-arteriosclerosis and heart attack-stabilization of blood insulin-helping to treat osteoporosis, arthritis and joint pain-anti-cancer and stopping the growth of cells Cancer-reducing blood clots-flexibility of blood vessels-helping to regulate body weight and prevent obesity.

Properties of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA):

Anti-inflammatory of prostaglandins, including leukotrienes (respiratory tract congestion and asthma) activation of prostaglandins that inhibit blood coagulation, partial inactivation of platelet aggregation, reduction of blood viscosity and reduction of blood clot formation (in people undergoing antithrombotic treatment with be used with caution and under the direct supervision of a doctor) – Cholesterol reduction – Triglyceride reduction – Increasing the protective system in the heart and blood vessels

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Sources of ALA-EPA-DHA:

– ATLANTIC MACKEREL……………………..

0/59 grams of DHA

0/43 g EPA (meal)

– Salmon (SALMON…………………………………………

1/24grams of DHA

0/59 g EPA (meal)

– Spiny fish (DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX …………………………

0/47 grams of DHA

0/18 grams of EPA (meal(

– OYSTER………………………………….

0.14 grams of ALA

0/23 grams of DHA

0/30 grams of EPA

– Sardine (SARDINE ………………………………….

0.74 grams of DHA

45grams of EPA

– Shrimp (SHRIMP………………………………….

0/12 grams of DHA

1/12 grams of EPA

– Trout: ……………………………………. ….

0/44 grams of DHA

0/40grams of EPA

– Herring:……………………………..

946 mg per medium fillet

40grams of smoked Atlantic herring

2/366mg per 3.5 oz. 100 g

Caviar……………………………………………

1/086 milligrams per tablespoon (14.3 grams(

6/786 mg per 3.5 oz (100 g) plant sources of omega

– Flax seed (CANARY GRASS……………………………….

6/703grams of ALA per tablespoon

– Walnut (WALNUT…………………………………….. ………

3.346 grams of ALA per cup

– HEMP:…………………………….. …

2/605grams of ALA per 3 tablespoons of horse chestnut

– Chia seeds (CHIA SEED: ………………………………….

A 1-ounce serving of chia seeds provides 5.055 grams of ALA

– Red beans (KIDNEY BEAN …………………………….

0/10 grams of ALA per half cup

– Green soybeans (EDAMAME ………………………………

Half a cup contains 0.28 grams of ALA

– Soybean oil (SOYBEAN OIL………………………..

0/923grams of ALA per tablespoon

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Omega 3 fatty acid deficiency:

– Decrease in memory and mental abilities – Weakness of vision – Weakness of the immune system – Clogged vessels – Increase in triglycerides and cholesterol and blood pressure – Irregular heart beat – Sleepiness of the hands and feet – Itching of the hands and feet – Decreased growth – Disturbance in the function of the cell membrane

– Menopausal disorders – Blood disorders – Very sensitive and soft skin that bruises quickly. – Users of warfarin and aspirin drugs (must receive medication under the supervision of a doctor)

What people need more omega-3?

– Those who are allergic to seafood.

– People with very high blood pressure – increased sugar in some diabetics

– Creating nausea and diarrhea – increasing the risk of stroke (more than 3 grams per day(.

Symptoms of omega 3 fatty acid overdose

– Reduction of the immune system – bad smell of fish in the mouth and body sweat

– Decreased absorption of vitamins (D-A-K-E)

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Review of omega 9 unsaturated oil (oleic acid(:

-Structure 18:1 (It has 18 carbons and a double bond.)- Fatty acid components are unnecessary, because they are made in our human body.

Functions and functions of omega 9 fatty acids:

– Prevention of stroke – Prevention of heart attack – Reduction of arteriosclerosis (shortness of breath) – Anti-cancer – Olive oil – Sesame oil – Peanut

Omega 9 fatty acid sources:

-Almond-avocado-olive-almond-pistachio-hazelnut-cashew oil

One to two spoons of unrefined olive oil eliminates our need for oleic acid (omega 9).

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Review of linoleic acid (omega 6):

In the form (18:2): it has 18 carbons and 2 double bonds, including the main fatty acid of linoleic acid and the subgroup of arachidonic acid.

Gammalinolenic acid fatty acid (GLA) is classified as part of this category. From the properties of GLA, it can be mentioned that it helps to treat (endometriosis-breast pain-breast cyst-schizophrenia-premenstrual syndrome (PMS)-treatment of wounds and eczema) One of its valuable sources is evening primrose oil.

The properties of omega-6 fatty acids in the body include:

– Cholesterol reduction, as well as cholesterol deposition on the vessel wall, anti-arteriosclerosis, anti-diabetic neuropathy, anti-premenstrual syndrome, anti-psoriasis, anti-eczema, anti-cancer treatment

Omega 6 fatty acid sources:

Evening primrose oil – flax seed and flax oil – grape seed oil – hemp – hemp oil – primrose oil – pumpkin egg and pumpkin seed oil – chicken meat – pistachio and pistachio oil – sunflower oil – kernel oil – black currant oil – chestnut oil Pine nuts – olive oil – corn oil

In these cases, more omega-6 intake is needed:

– Smoking – Fatigue – Aging – Diabetes – Air pollution – Consumption of sugar and sugary substances – Consumption of trans fats – Viral infections – Breast cysts – Endometriosis and…

Trans fats…………………………………….

It is a form of unsaturated fats that are sometimes monounsaturated (mono) and sometimes polyunsaturated (polyunsaturated). Natural trans fats are useful for human health, but during processing, under the influence of heat and pressure, they become very harmful to our health (solid oils).

Among the major discomforts, we can mention the discomfort of the coronary arteries of the heart and increased cholesterol.

((solid oil))

Saturated oil is a trans fat

Function of solid oil in the body:

-Cholesterol deposition in the walls of blood vessels -Narrowing of the heart vessels of the body -Increased blood pressure -Increased blood fat -Inflammation of the digestive system and body -Glucose metabolism disorder -Weight gain

Good luck- JAVIDI